What is suicidal ideation?
Suicidal ideation refers to thoughts or desires related to suicide, without necessarily having the intention to carry them out immediately. This phenomenon can vary in intensity and may be a sign of severe emotional distress. Suicidal ideation does not always involve an active intention to commit suicide, but it is an indicator that the person is going through a very critical emotional state.
There are two main forms of suicidal ideation: passive and active. Passive suicidal ideation involves thoughts of wishing to be dead or feeling that life no longer has meaning, but without a clear plan to carry it out. People with passive suicidal ideation may express phrases like “I wish everything would end” or “I wish I could disappear,” without necessarily seeking concrete means to execute suicide.
On the other hand, active suicidal ideation refers to more concrete and planned thoughts, where the person considers carrying out the suicidal act. In this case, the person not only desires to die but may be thinking about how to do it and could have developed a plan to carry it out. Active ideation is generally much more dangerous because it indicates a higher level of desperation and risk.
Symptoms to Identify It
Identifying suicidal ideation is crucial for providing appropriate support to the person at risk. The symptoms are not always obvious, but some of the most common include:
- Behavioral changes: The person may become more withdrawn, avoid activities they once enjoyed, or show a lack of interest in daily life. There may also be a lack of concern for personal hygiene or appearance.
- Talking about death or suicide: People with suicidal thoughts often mention death indirectly, for example, “I don’t want to live anymore” or “It would be easier if I wasn’t here.”
- Feelings of hopelessness: A persistent feeling that there is no way out of problems or that life has no meaning is a strong indicator of suicidal ideation.
- Social isolation: People with suicidal ideation may withdraw from friends, family, and loved ones, avoiding social interactions.
- Sudden mood changes: There may be a drastic shift between moods, going from deep sadness to inexplicable calm, which could indicate an imminent decision-making process.
It is essential to pay attention to these signs and act with sensitivity and understanding to prevent tragic consequences.
Psychological Causes and Diagnosis
Suicidal ideation can have various psychological causes, some of which result from pre-existing conditions and personal life factors. The most common causes include:
- Major depression: Depression is one of the psychological disorders most commonly associated with suicidal ideation. People who suffer from severe depression experience deep sadness and hopelessness, which can lead them to think that death is the only way out.
- Anxiety disorders: Constant anxiety and overwhelming worries can contribute to suicidal ideation, especially when the person feels unable to cope with their distress.
- Personality disorders: Some personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder (BPD), may be associated with suicidal thoughts, especially during times of stress or emotional conflict.
Traumatic or stressful events: The loss of a loved one, emotional or physical abuse, divorce, or job loss can trigger suicidal ideation in people who are already vulnerable. - Genetic and neurobiological factors: Genetic predisposition, combined with certain chemical imbalances in the brain, may also play a role in the development of suicidal ideation.
Suicidal ideation is usually detected through a clinical evaluation by a mental health professional. The professional asks a series of detailed questions about the patient’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Additionally, the patient’s personal and family history is considered, as well as the intensity and frequency of suicidal thoughts.
Prevention and Psychological Treatment
Preventing suicidal ideation requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both psychological and social factors. Some key strategies include:
- Therapeutic interventions: Psychotherapy is a key treatment for suicidal ideation. Therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are effective in helping individuals identify and change negative thought patterns that may contribute to suicidal thoughts. CBT also teaches skills for managing stress and improving self-esteem.
- Emotional support: Connection with loved ones and an emotional support network is essential for those experiencing suicidal ideation. Talking to someone you trust can relieve emotional burdens and provide a sense of support and belonging.
- Pharmacological management: In some cases, antidepressants or anxiolytics may be necessary to balance chemical imbalances in the brain and reduce symptoms associated with suicidal ideation.
- Crisis interventions: If a person is at imminent risk of suicide, it is crucial to seek immediate help. Emergency lines, such as emergency mental health services or suicide prevention centers, can provide the necessary support during critical moments.
- Education and awareness: Educating people about suicidal ideation, both for the person at risk and their close surroundings, can be a powerful prevention tool. The more people know about the symptoms and warning signs, the easier it will be to identify someone who needs help.
In summary, suicidal ideation is a complex and painful reality that affects many people, but with the right treatment and necessary emotional support, it is possible to overcome these thoughts and find a path toward recovery. At our Institute, we have professional psychologists who can assist you in the process.
Early intervention and prevention are essential to avoid tragic consequences, and anyone experiencing suicidal thoughts should seek professional help without delay.
Arancha Lorente
Psychologist Col. Nº B-03674